Which term describes two conflicting rhythms used at the same time?

The term that describes two conflicting rhythms used at the same time is called cross rhythm. This occurs when two or more rhythmic patterns that do not align with each other are layered, creating a complex and polyrhythmic texture. Cross rhythms are often found in various styles of music, including African drumming, jazz, and contemporary classical music, where different instruments or voices may play contrasting rhythmic figures simultaneously.

Syncopation refers to the deliberate disruption of the expected rhythmic pattern, typically by emphasizing beats that are normally weak, but it does not specifically involve the clash of different rhythms. Homophony describes a texture where there is one main melody supported by chords or accompaniment rather than conflicting rhythms. Simple rhythm simply refers to straightforward, uncomplicated rhythmic patterns, lacking the complexity found in cross rhythms. Therefore, cross rhythm is the most accurate term to denote the simultaneous use of conflicting rhythms.