What does the term "dynamics" primarily affect in music?

The term "dynamics" in music refers to the variations in volume and intensity of sound throughout a piece. It encompasses the loudness and softness of music, which can greatly influence how a piece is perceived by listeners. Dynamics are indicated through various musical notations such as "piano" (soft), "forte" (loud), and other symbols that guide performers on how to play each section. This manipulation of volume contributes significantly to the overall expressiveness of a composition, allowing musicians to convey different emotions and engage their audience more effectively. While dynamics can also affect the emotional impact of a performance, as well as interact with other musical elements, their primary role lies in shaping the sound's volume and intensity.